hacking your brain

to those who have been contributing to phrack,I saluted you!Hope can see p67 soon...

hi gears,
phrack[1]早期有很多领域的hacking分享包括无线电,机械,炸弹,无政府主义的哲学观,后来由于90年代安全领域的兴起开始越来越多的专注于computerhacking,当然这并不代表phrack就从此走向了可恶的'纯技术"路线,如果真是这样那就不是phrack了,最近的3个issues(p64,p65,p66不包括马上要出的p67)都有一篇关于brainhacking的article,phrack也是早期的把hacking带入到非计算机领域的一帮hacker,感谢上帝创造了这样一帮有趣且信仰坚定的家伙,Shawn带出的是p66的这篇的原文和质量低下的翻译,作为在这个时代性背景下的hacker,Shawn坚信2样技术是我们必须关注的:information tech and bio.MIT最牛的不光是CS还有一个方向叫computational biology[2].而这两个技术的一个交叉领域就是AI[3],gears们在hacking CS的本质领域(OS,compiler,network)的同时也不要忽略对这2个领域的关注,KK已经强调很多次了,wired也以不同的形式展现了下一个12年我们需要面对的问题,希望这篇文章能帮助gears们对这个领域的一些了解.

[1]http://www.phrack.com/

[2]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_biology

[3]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence


==Phrack Inc.==

Volume 0x0d, Issue 0x42, Phile #0x11 of 0x11

|=-------------------------------------------------=|
|=-=[ How close are they of hacking your brain? ]=-=|
|=-------------------------------------------------=|
|=--=[ author by dahut ]=--------------------------=|
|=--=[ dahut@skynet.be ]=---------------=|
|=--------------------------------------------------=|
|=--=[ translation:Shawn the R0ck]=-----------------=|
|=--=[ citypw@gmail.com ]=---------------=|
|=--=[ chengdu,China ]=------------------------=|
|=--=[ Nov 11th,2010 ]=-------------------------=|
|=--------------------------------------------------=|

Since the invention of the EEG, S-F writers produced many books with stories about pumping out the content of your brain and putting it in another brain, or taking the control of your soul or willingness and driving you as a robot. We wil not talk about the well known MK-ULTRA project that never ended up on any real functioning device approaching this result. What they did reach is well described in the still suspicious book "Trance formation of America" (www.trance-formation.com).
自从脑电图发明以来,科幻小说的作家们描写了很多关于把一个大脑的内容吸干然后输入另外一个大脑和关于像控制机器人一样的控制人的大脑的小说.我们不会去讨论众所周知的MK-ULTRA(译注:冷战时期CIA的研究项目)项目,类似的研究永远也不会停止.有空可以翻阅一下这本书.

Our recent researched demonstrate however that it is possible that something is happening or close to.
根据最近的研究表明,大脑的输入输出的可能性已经成为现实,或者至少很接近这一步了.

We will explain two different technologies, that can provide some breakthrough in the mind control.
我们会谈到两种技术会帮助我们突破实现心灵控制的障碍.

--[ 1. MRI
By enhancing the resolution of Magnetic Resonance Imagery device, we should be able to do nice things such putting ideas or remembering in the brain of someone.
通过增强核磁共振成像设备的分辨率,我们应该可以做出一些很不错的事情比如吧某人的记忆装入你的大脑.

There are today multiples ways to measure brain activity. Brain activity is also brain content, to some extent, depending what you are measuring and what you are looking for.
当今有很多方法都可以测量大脑的活动.而大脑的活动也就是大脑的内容,怎么样去发现其中
的奥秘则取决于您的测量方式和目的.

The most advanced works achieved around what's in the brain is the BlueBrain project, invented by Henry Markram at EPFL in Switzerland. His lab is using a 10.000 CPU Blue Gene type IBM supercomputer, and a super Silicon Graphic computer with 16 graphic cards and 64 Itanium 2 CPU to display processing results. He did start by making the inventory of all neurons types and response type, sorting out few tens types of each. Next he built devices to digitize the geometry of each type of neuron,following the path of dendrites and axons, branch by branch, stroke by stroke, change in diameter, etc. A typical neuron ends up with about 10.000 XYZ 3D coordinates. Next, he packed 10.000 neurons of multiple types in a very narrow space; 5mm by 1mm. This is what scientists name a
microcolumn of the neocortex. Then he put electrical input at the entry of the "network" and did a simulation, using the few tens of responses found in these neurons. The result is a modified electrical state of all these branches: 100 millions branches! Each one with a different electrical level. This density of neurons produces short circuits between each of them, the synapse. Such micro column can contains up to a trillion synapses!
围绕着大脑的研究中最先进的应该是Henry Markram在瑞士的EPFL(译注:瑞士洛桑联邦理工大学)的"蓝色大脑"项目,Markram博士的实验室使用了载有10,000颗CPU的IBM蓝色基因超级计算机,和用于图形显示计算结果的载有16个显卡和64颗ItaniumII中央处理器的超级硅图形计算机.他首先建立了一个数据库,包括所有神经元类型,反应类型,以及把每一种类型分类成了数十种类型.接下来他造了用于数字化每一个神经元类型的几何形状的设备,包括数字化树状和轴突,树的分支交叉,互相碰撞,直径等功能.一个典型的神经元有10,000个XYZ的3D坐标点.接下来,他把10,000个多种类型的神经元挤满进了一个非常小的空间:5mm*1mm.这也就是科学家们称为新大脑皮层的微型柱.之后,他给"网络"的入口通电开始了模拟,数十个神经的反应来找到这些神经元.结果是所有这些神经元分支的一个被修改了的电子状态:1000,000个分支!每一个分支都有一个电平.这样的神经元密度造成了神经连接线之间的短路.微型柱实际可以容纳1000,0000,0000个神经连接线.

From a mechanical point of view, this is not anymore a network, this is a dense matter with different electrical level at each cubic 5 micron. You should see the neuronal network as the processing device of the I/O, when the remaining electrical levels are the memory of the events/habits/experiences.
从机械的观点来看,这已经不是一个网络,而是一个在每5微米含有不同电平的致密物质.当
余下的电平是事件/习惯/经验的记忆时,你应该把神经元网络作为输入输出的处理设备.

Now, let's say that a lab can produce a MRI device with such resolution. It will measure the electrical level each 5 micron, and do it for a specific area, let's say to start easy, the area of both hands. Ok, we have to store few terabytes of data, a quite easy job today.
这个实验室设备能生成这样分辨率的核磁共振成像.它可以测量出在特定地区的每5微米的电平.剩下的事情就是要存储几个TB的数据,这在今天是件容易的事情.

Now, let's take somebody, and put his head in another device, a three dimensional phased array radar, or more precisely, a micro wave transducer (only the emitting part of the radar). This device can browse space without movement. By putting two perpendicular transducers next to the brain, they can send two beams in it, and where they cross, create an electrical pulse with an intensity equal to the sum of both beams, also equal to the original.

现在我们可以把某个人的头塞进这个设备,进行3D的相控阵雷达扫描,或者来点更精确的,
微波传感器(只是雷达的扫描部分)之类的.这个设备可以查看空间而不需要移动.把2个垂直的
传感器放入大脑,他们就可以在里面发送2个光束,当光束穿越时产生强烈电脉冲等同于2个光束的能量总和,也就是说等于原点.

Doing so, it's possible with a super high resolution system, to pinpoint each cell that was acquired (peeked) in the "donor", and poke its value in the other brain.
这么做是有可能借助于高清晰分辨率的系统定位在大脑A的每个单元,然后把相应的值放进
大脑B.

If the donor is a good violin player, the receiver, when waking up, will feel as if he has new hands, and be surprised how easy he can play violin (but maybe not Mozart yet).
如果大脑A是一个不错的小提琴演奏家,那当大脑B的家伙醒过来后也能轻松的演奏小提琴,
但是离莫扎特还有些距离.

A step further, we can peek and poke other areas of the brain, like the one containing experience, skills, visual scenes. With this last example, a criminal or a suspect refusing to talk, can be peeked from the visual cortex, and the result can be poked in another brain. The receiver will "see" new scenes, and maybe the one of the crime.
进一步讲,我们可以输入输出其他区域的大脑内容,比如经验,技能,视觉景色.就如上面的例子一样,一个罪犯或者嫌疑犯不愿意承认罪行,那就可以把他的视觉部分输出到大脑B,大脑B的持有者就可以看看到底是否有犯罪现场的镜像在头脑里出现.

The better the resolution, the higher the resolution of the remembering.

It's not mandatory to match neuron by neuron, from the donor to the receiver, or stroke by stroke, or synapse by synapse. The density is so high that we can really see the memory inside the neocortex as being stored in a three dimensional matrix. Whatever the network, as soon as it is the area used to do a specific operation (see Broca's areas) like hands, speech, vision, etc. the "knowledge" stored during years is stored as electrical levels in a matrix. The neuronal network will find back it's way through the different channels of higher voltage poked in the matrix, reconnect instantaneously synapses to recreate missing bridges.
不是必须要通过匹配神经元,从大脑A到大脑B,或者互相碰撞,或者神经连接线之间的匹配.密度如此之高的大脑我们完全可以把新大脑皮层的记忆存储到3D的矩阵中.可以根据特定的行为来确定大脑的区域(译注:Broca's areas通常指跟语言有关的大脑区域比如手,声音,图像,etc.多年来的"知识"作为电平存储在一个矩阵中.神经网络会找到不同的高电压隧道在矩阵中输入,重现链接到瞬间的神经连接线上并且重构丢失的部分.

--[ 2. Total Recall and Arnold Schwarzenegger are not so far!

Here is a metaphor to better understand the concept:
这里有个隐喻可以更好的理解这个概念:

Think about a country: villages and inhabitants are there, connected with road networks.
想想有一个国家:村庄和居民,通过公路来互相连接

Move houses and inhabitants in another place, keeping topology. Wherever they end up, they will immediately recreate roads and path to reconnects all houses and building. Houses and inhabitants are our memory and skills, materialized by electrical levels. They don't care about having to recreate roads and paths. They know where they want to go and which connections they need to do their work. The synaptic plasticity is even more wonderful than what you can imagine. Indeed, axons and dendrite can move as snakes to approach other neurons structure, and pop up synaptic connections everywhere they wan, and all of that in seconds!
把房子和居民都移动到另外一个地方,但保持着拓扑连接.不论在哪里他们停下,他们总会立即
重建公路和小道并且重新连接到所有的房子.房子和居民就是我们的记忆和技能,被电平所物化了.他们不关心重建公路和小道.他们只知道想去哪里喝哪些链接他们需要去构建.这就是神经连接线那超越人类想象的奇妙可塑性.因此,轴突和树状突可以像蛇一样的移动到达其他的神经元结构,突然出现的神经连接线链接到任何居民想去的地方,但所有这一切的动作在秒内完成.

Basically, think about your brain being a computer. First neurons met by an external input are acting as your computer I/O unit; and A/D converter. These neurons are mostly in the internal side of the neocortex (inside the brain).The neurons the are receiving the converted measures are the processing units, and the neurons receiving the results, have to send it to the muscles or some other parts of your body. In parallel, all neurons are storing what's happening all the time, recording everything crossing them: this is our memory, a matrix parallel to our neuronal network, used for data storage an dnot directly related to our processing unit.
把你的大脑设想成一台电脑.第一个神经元通过一个外部的输入作为电脑的输入输出单元:模拟数字转换器.这些神经元大多都在新大脑皮层的内部(大脑内部).神经元接收已经转换和测量后的处理单元,也接收结果然后发送给肌肉(译注:肌肉有可能是独立的有机系统,而不受大脑的指令控制,类似于PC当中的GPU)或者身体的其他部分.所有的神经元都是在并行的存储和记录所有的信息:这是我们的记忆,一个并行矩阵链接到神经网络,用于存储直接需要处理的信息.

The system described here above will not work to inject ideas in the brain, but just knowledge, remembering and skills. Producing ideas is something else, produced by consciousness, and this is a complete other story involving quantum physic.
注入思想(ideas)到大脑中在这里描述的系统是不会成功的,仅有知识,记忆和技能可以.生成思想是另外一个领域了,通过潜意识来生成,这是令一个跟量子物理有关系的故事.

--[ 3. Quantum Physic

We are now entering in leading edge researches made by visionary scientists that are not always belonging to what we name the "scientific paradigm", meaning that if they want to keep their annual funding, they should not investigate further these areas or stop to talk about what they are doing. We will present you some of their work and how they can hack your brain to the perfection.
我们现在进入具有超前眼光的科学家们的前沿研究领域,这些科学家不是永远属于被我们称为"科学范式",意思是说如果他们想要得到资金继续研究,他们就不应该太深入的调查这些领域或者停止谈论他们正在做的研究.我们将会为你展示他们的一些关于如何入侵您的大脑的一些工作.

If you take a neuron, or even any living cell, you can find in all of them centriols and micro tubules. All are made of bi-state monomers molecules, able to take two states, alpha and beta, depending the quantum state of on of their component. Each molecule has a state but can switch to the other one for some still unknown reason. When all the molecules of one micro-tubule switch their state to the same one, the micro tubule becomes super conductive for light and some other waves. The change of state is due to one spinning particle that will collide the molecule and change the position of one its atom. These molecules have a size of 15nm.
We need therefore a device able to send spinning particle in a brain with a resolution of maximum 15 nm to have a chance to make the atom turning the righ way. Hopefully, making an particle spinning left handed will make the molecule swapping to it's L-associated state, or let's say the alpha state.

如果你拿到一个神经元,或者任何活细胞,你可以找到里面的所有细胞中心粒和微管.这就组成有alpha和beta两种状态的双态单体分子,由它们组成的量子态来决定.每个分子都有一个态但是可以因为一些目前还不可知的原因切换到另外一个态.当一个微管的所有分子切换到了同一状态时,这个微管变得对光和其他波具有超导性.状态的改变由于一个自旋微粒会碰撞分子和改变原子的位置.这些分子的大小为15纳米.我们因此需要一个可以在大脑里发送自旋微粒并且能解析最大15纳米分辨率以致让原子不偏离方向的设备.如果顺利的话,让微粒左旋可以将分子交换成为L-相关的状态,或者我们叫做alpha态.

There are already labs device able to adjust and measure particle's spin direction. Let's imagine we make them in such a way that they can work on the brain a little bit like the MRI hacking machine. It will not be a device as with the 3D phased array system, but more a wave canon, adjusting the wave origin to match exactly the distance needed to act on a specific electron. The device will have to be highly accurate, and fast. We can think about minimum one million antennas in the device (don't worry, they are used with such complexity). The device will process
millimeter by millimeter of the neo cortex, and required about one minute to read or patch a square centimeter. Because its entire surface is 2.000 square cm, the device will need about two days to hack a complete brain. Being not able to have an exact matching between both brains geometry is not a matter, for the same reason as with the MRI system. We can use, only here, the term of holographic memory, because what's important is the spatial content, not the topological content. The brain network is so dense that it's not a network anymore when you speak about storing information in it. It's like house that are so dense that you can jump from one roof to the other, without going through the roads. So roads are
used to process date coming from outside the village, and going outside the village, but if you stay in the village you don't need roads at all.
实验室的设备已经有调节和测量微粒自旋方向的能力.让我们来想象一下这些设备可以像一台核磁共振入侵头脑的机器.它不会成为一台3D相控阵系统,但更像一个wave

canon(译注:不知道该怎么翻译),调节波源去匹配作用于特定电子的精准距离.这台设备会非常的精准和高速.我们可以想象最少100,000个天线在设备中(不用担心,我们会习惯复杂性的)可以处理新大脑皮层的毫米级数据,并且需要大约一分钟去读取或者附加一平方厘米.因为整个平面是2,000平方厘米,所以这台设备需要大约2天才能入侵整个大脑.跟核磁共振系统一样,不能精准的在两个大脑之间匹配已经成为历史.我们可以使用全息记忆,因为这是很重要的间隙的内容(译注:Shawn的理解是这里指数据,而后者指结构),而不是拓扑的内容.当我们谈论存储信息的大脑时,原本说的大脑的高密度网络本身也不应该叫做网络了.这就像房子很稠密但你可以从一个屋顶到另外一个屋顶而不需要走公路.所以公路是用于处理来自村庄之外的数据,和向村庄外输出数据,但你一天待在村子里,你就可以不需要使用公路.

Now, let's explain what's the outcome of such blast in your brain.
现在我们来解释一下入侵大脑会带来的后果.

When you will wake up, after the long stay in the device, you will feel nothing new, because you are not yourself anymore, and you can't remember your first life. The guy standing in front of you, coming from the other machine, the "donor", si now YOU, but with another body. You feel now as twins, you have the same rembering of your life, you think the same, you have exactly the same knowledge and intelligence. If he s sad, you are sad, if he is good, you are good, if he likes men, you will like men too.
在设备里待了很久后,当你一天醒来,你在也不觉得有什么新鲜感,因为你已经不是你自己了,你也无法记得你的第一次生命.一个来自另外一台机器的家伙站在你面前,那个捐赠者.看到你了,但是是另外一个身体.你感觉就像双胞胎一样,你们有一样的记忆,一样的知识和智慧,如果他悲伤,你也会悲伤,如果他高兴,你也一样.如果他喜欢男人,恐怕你也一样.

If he is a terrorist, you will behave like a terrorist. Nothing to learn anymore, everything is already in your brain. You know how to build a bomb, how to pilot an air plane, how to fights, etc. but if was peanut to train you, to convince you, to enroll you. Well, there is the cost of the brain device, not cheap at all, but they have the cash!
如果他是一个恐怖分子,你的行为也会像恐怖分子.不需要学习什么东西,一切都在你的大脑里了.你知道怎样去制造炸弹(译注:1985年的phrack issues 1有一篇文章讲如何制作炸弹),怎样去驾驶飞机,怎样博斗(译注:CQC?).但如果是从头训练你,说服你,再去参军.这样的成本和这台设备差不多了,不会偏宜的,但他们有钱!

You can also decide to copy only part of the brain, but it's more risky because that's a research area were we are not far, and it could be dangerous to outcome with overlapping memory, like, let's say, the top of you wife, and the bottom of your "loved boyfriend"!
你也可以决定只复制大脑的某一部分,但要承担更多的风险,因为这项研究还不太成熟,这样做可能造成多重记忆.(译注:最后一句属于xx不翻译了)

Next day, think twice when waking up: are you still yourself?
明天,思考一下双胞胎醒来:你还是你自己吗?

References:

http://bluebrain.epfl.ch/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phased_array

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Recall